ÈÍÈÎÍ ÐÀÍ

Ñòàòüÿ àíàëèçèðóåò ïðîèñõîäÿùåå â ñîâðåìåííîì ìèðå ðàñøèðåíèå ýëåêòîðàëüíûõ ïðàâ ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ ïàðòèé îïðåäåëåííîãî îðãàíèçàöèîííîãî òèïà (ôîðìàëèçîâàííûõ ïàðòèé), âûòåñíÿþùèõ èç ýëåêòîðàëüíîãî ïðîñòðàíñòâà äðóãèõ êîëëåêòèâíûõ è èíäèâèäóàëüíûõ àêòîðîâ. Àâòîð ïðåäëàãàåò òèïîëîãèþ ñòðàí â çàâèñèìîñòè îò íàëè÷èÿ ó ïîëèòè÷åñêèõ ïàðòèé ïðèâèëåãèé ïðè âûäâèæåíèè êàíäèäàòîâ íà âûáîðàõ. Ðàññìîòðåí àíòèäåìîêðàòè÷åñêèé ýôôåêò èíñòèòóòà ïðåäîñòàâëåíèÿ ïàðòèÿì ïðèâèëåãèé íà âûáîðàõ. Îõàðàêòåðèçîâàí îïûò Âîñòî÷íîé Åâðîïû ïî èñêëþ÷åíèþ èç ÷èñëà ñóáúåêòîâ èçáèðàòåëüíîãî ïðîöåññà ñâîáîäíûõ àññîöèàöèé ãðàæäàí. Îòìå÷åíî, ÷òî â ñòðàíàõ çàïàäíîé äåìîêðàòèè ïîëèòè÷åñêèå ïàðòèè èìåþò ïðèâèëåãèè ïðè âûäâèæåíèè êàíäèäàòîâ íå ïåðåä àññîöèàöèÿìè ãðàæäàí, à ïåðåä íåçàâèñèìûìè êàíäèäàòàìè. Ïðåäîñòàâëåíèå ôîðìàëèçîâàííûì ïàðòèÿì ýëåêòîðàëüíûõ ïðèâèëåãèé îöåíèâàåòñÿ êàê óãðîçà äåìîêðàòèè â öåëîì.

The article examines the expansion of electoral rights of formal arties at the expense of other collective and individual actors. The author proposes typology of countries depending on political parties privileges when nominating candidates for elections. The paper examines the anti-democratic effect of granting privileges for parties in the electoral process. The paper describes the experience of Eastern Europe in removal of free associations out of elections. It is noted also that in Western democracies political parties have privileges not over associations of citizens, but over independent candidates. In general, providing electoral privileges to formal parties is assessed as a threat to democracy as a whole.

âûáîðû; ïðåäñòàâèòåëüñòâî; ïàðòèè; ñâîáîäà àññîöèàöèé; ïàðòèçàöèÿ âûáîðîâ; èçáèðàòåëüíûå îáúåäèíåíèÿ.

election; representation; political parties; freedom of association; party-based elections, electoral associations.